Evaluation of Demographic Characteristics and Gastric Parameters in the Etiopathogenesis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20959395Keywords:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, helicobacter pylori, atrophic gastritis, esophagitis.Abstract
Objective: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common condition in the society and a cause of physician referral and loss of workforce capacity. In this study, we aimed to analyse the symptom distribution, demographic, socioeconomic and gastric factors of GERD and to investigate its correlation with H.pylori and atrophic gastritis.
Method: A total of 120 subjects were included in the study: 40 patients with reflux esophagitis confirmed by endoscopy, 40 patients with reflux symptoms but no endoscopic findings, and 40 healthy individuals without any reflux symptoms. Endoscopic evaluation was performed, esophagitis was graded according to the Los Angeles (LA) classification, and pathological biopsy samples were obtained. The findings were statistically compared with each other.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), educational level, occupational distribution, medication use, comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use, or smoking (p>0,05). Among the gender distribution of reflux esophagitis (RE) cases, male gender was significantly more prominent (p<0,05). The rate of co-existence of heartburn and regurgitation in cases with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) was higher than in cases with RE (p<0,05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of reflux score, duration, severity and frequency (p>0.05). It was observed that 28 (70%) of the oesophagitis in the RE group were LA-A type, 10 (25%) were LA-B type and 2 (5%) were LA-C type. Hiatal hernia was significantly higher in the RE group (p<0,05). No difference was detected in terms of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) insufficiency (p>0,05). There was no difference between the groups in histological findings of gastritis, H. pylori and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (p>0,05).
Conclusion: In our study conducted between the RE, NERD and control group, results supporting the contradictions in the data in the literature have emerged. This suggests that GERD may be affected by demographic and environmental factors and therefore, the relationship between GERD and H. pylori and atrophic gastric should be evaluated with larger studies in terms of treatment and follow-up planning in our country.
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